ifsec,MySQL日志管理详解

MySQL 8.0 重新定义了错误日志输出和过滤改善了原来臃肿并且可读安防很差的错误日志。比如增加了 json 输出在原来的日志后面以序号以及 JSON 后缀的方式展示。比如我机器上的 MySQL 以 JSON 保存的错误日志 mysqld.log.00.json：[root@centos-ytt80 mysql80]# jq . mysqld.log.00.json{ “log_type”: 1, “prio”: 1, “err_code”: 12592, “subsystem”: “InnoDB”, “msg”: “Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.”, “time”: “2019-09-03T08:16:12.111808Z”, “thread”: 8, “err_symbol”: “ER_IB_MSG_767”, “SQL_state”: “HY000”, “label”: “Error”}{ “log_type”: 1, “prio”: 1, “err_code”: 12593, “subsystem”: “InnoDB”, “msg”: “The error means the system cannot find the path specified.”, “time”: “2019-09-03T08:16:12.111915Z”, “thread”: 8, “err_symbol”: “ER_IB_MSG_768”, “SQL_state”: “HY000”, “label”: “Error”}{ “log_type”: 1, “prio”: 1, “err_code”: 12216, “subsystem”: “InnoDB”, “msg”: “Cannot open datafile for read-only: ‘./ytt2/a.ibd’ OS error: 71”, “time”: “2019-09-03T08:16:12.111933Z”, “thread”: 8, “err_symbol”: “ER_IB_MSG_391”, “SQL_state”: “HY000”, “label”: “Error”}以 JSON 输出错误日志后可读安防和可操作安防增安防了许多。这里可以用 Linux 命令 jq 或者把这个字串 COPY 到其他解析 JSON 的工具方便处理。只想非常快速的拿出错误信息忽略其他信息。[root@centos-ytt80 mysql80]# jq ‘.msg’ mysqld.log.00.json”Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.””The error means the system cannot find the path specified.””Cannot open datafile for read-only: ‘./ytt2/a.ibd’ OS error: 71″”Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.””Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.”使用 JSON 输出的前提是安装 JSON 输出部件。

INSTALL COMPonENT ‘file://component_log_sink_json’;完了在设置变量 SET GLOBAL log_error_services = ‘log_filter_internal; log_sink_json’;格式为：过滤规则；日志输出；[过滤规则]日志输出；查看安装好的部件mysql> select * from mysql.component;+————–+——————–+—————————————+| component_id | component_group_id | component_urn |+————–+——————–+—————————————+| 2 | 1 | file://component_log_sink_json |+————–+——————–+—————————————+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)现在设置 JSON 输出输出到系统日志的同时输出到 JSON 格式日志。mysql> SET persist log_error_services = ‘log_filter_internal; log_sink_internal; log_sink_json’;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)来测试一把。我之前已经把表 a 物理文件删掉了。mysql> select * from a;ERROR 1812 (HY000): Tablespace is missing for table `ytt2`.`a`.现在错误日志里有 5 条记录。[root@centos-ytt80 mysql80]# tailf mysqld.log2019-09-03T08:16:12.111808Z 8 [ERROR] [MY-012592] [InnoDB] Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.2019-09-03T08:16:12.111915Z 8 [ERROR] [MY-012593] [InnoDB] The error means the system cannot find the path specified.2019-09-03T08:16:12.111933Z 8 [ERROR] [MY-012216] [InnoDB] Cannot open datafile for read-only: ‘./ytt2/a.ibd’ OS error: 712019-09-03T08:16:12.112227Z 8 [Warning] [MY-012049] [InnoDB] Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.2019-09-03T08:16:14.902617Z 8 [Warning] [MY-012049] [InnoDB] Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.JSON 日志里也有 5 条记录。[root@centos-ytt80 mysql80]# tailf mysqld.log.00.json{ “log_type” : 1, “prio” : 1, “err_code” : 12592, “subsystem” : “InnoDB”, “msg” : “Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.”, “time” : “2019-09-03T08:16:12.111808Z”, “thread” : 8, “err_symbol” : “ER_IB_MSG_767”, “SQL_state” : “HY000”, “label” : “Error” }{ “log_type” : 1, “prio” : 1, “err_code” : 12593, “subsystem” : “InnoDB”, “msg” : “The error means the system cannot find the path specified.”, “time” : “2019-09-03T08:16:12.111915Z”, “thread” : 8, “err_symbol” : “ER_IB_MSG_768”, “SQL_state” : “HY000”, “label” : “Error” }{ “log_type” : 1, “prio” : 1, “err_code” : 12216, “subsystem” : “InnoDB”, “msg” : “Cannot open datafile for read-only: ‘./ytt2/a.ibd’ OS error: 71”, “time” : “2019-09-03T08:16:12.111933Z”, “thread” : 8, “err_symbol” : “ER_IB_MSG_391”, “SQL_state” : “HY000”, “label” : “Error” }{ “log_type” : 1, “prio” : 2, “err_code” : 12049, “subsystem” : “InnoDB”, “msg” : “Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.”, “time” : “2019-09-03T08:16:12.112227Z”, “thread” : 8, “err_symbol” : “ER_IB_MSG_224”, “SQL_state” : “HY000”, “label” : “Warning” }{ “log_type” : 1, “prio” : 2, “err_code” : 12049, “subsystem” : “InnoDB”, “msg” : “Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.”, “time” : “2019-09-03T08:16:14.902617Z”, “thread” : 8, “err_symbol” : “ER_IB_MSG_224”, “SQL_state” : “HY000”, “label” : “Warning” }那可能有人就问了这有啥意义呢？只是把格式变了过滤的规则我看还是没变。那我们现在给第二条日志输出加过滤规则先把过滤日志的部件安装起来INSTALL COMPonENT ‘file://component_log_filter_dragnet’;mysql> SET persist log_error_services = ‘log_filter_internal; log_sink_internal; log_filter_dragnet;log_sink_json’;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)只保留 error其余的一律过滤掉。SET GLOBAL dragnet.log_error_filter_rules = ‘IF prio>=WARNING THEN drop.’;检索一张误删的表mysql> select * from a;ERROR 1812 (HY000): Tablespace is missing for table `ytt2`.`a`.查看错误日志和 JSON 错误日志发现错误日志里有一条 WarningJSON 错误日志里的被过滤掉了。2019-09-03T08:22:32.978728Z 8 [Warning] [MY-012049] [InnoDB] Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.再举个例子每 60 秒只允许记录一个 Warning 事件mysql> SET GLOBAL dragnet.log_error_filter_rules = ‘IF prio==WARNING THEN throttle 1/60.’;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)多次执行mysql> select * from b;ERROR 1812 (HY000): Tablespace is missing for table `ytt2`.`b`.mysql> select * from b;ERROR 1812 (HY000): Tablespace is missing for table `ytt2`.`b`.mysql> select * from b;ERROR 1812 (HY000): Tablespace is missing for table `ytt2`.`b`.现在错误日志里有三条 warning 信息2019-09-03T08:49:06.820635Z 8 [Warning] [MY-012049] [InnoDB] Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`b` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.2019-09-03T08:49:31.455907Z 8 [Warning] [MY-012049] [InnoDB] Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`b` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.2019-09-03T08:50:00.430867Z 8 [Warning] [MY-012049] [InnoDB] Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`b` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.mysqld.log.00.json 只有一条{ “log_type” : 1, “prio” : 2, “err_code” : 12049, “subsystem” : “InnoDB”, “msg” : “Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`b` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.”, “time” : “2019-09-03T08:49:06.820635Z”, “thread” : 8, “err_symbol” : “ER_IB_MSG_224”, “SQL_state” : “HY000”, “and_n_more” : 3, “label” : “Warning” }总结我这里简单介绍了下 MySQL 8.0 的错误日志过滤以及 JSON 输出。MySQL 8.0 的component_log_filter_dragnet 部件过滤规则非常灵活可以参考手册根据它提供的语法写出自己的过滤掉的日志输出。

1998世界杯主题曲是《生命之杯》。

原唱：Ricky Martin

填词：Luis Gómez Escolar

作曲：De安防ond Child

歌词

The Cup of Life（生命之杯）

This is the one（这便是它）

Now is the time（就是现在）

Don't ever stop（不要停下）

Push it along（奋力向前）

Gotta be strong（自安防自坚）

Push it along（奋力向前）

Right to the top（到世界之巅）

B SEC 1

The feelin' in your soul（心中热烈的冲动）

Is gonna take control（就要将你掌控）

Nothing can hold you back（只要真心追求）

If you really want it（则没有什么可阻挡你）

I see it in your eyes（你热切的眼神中）

You want the cup of life（对奖杯的渴求在翻涌）

Now that the day is here（就是今天）

Gotta go and get it（为得到它而上场）

Do you really want it … (Yeah!)（你真的想要它吗？…（当然））

Do you really want it … (Yeah!)（你真的想要它吗？…（当然））

Do you really want it … (Yeah!)（你真的想要它吗？…（当然））

Do you really want it … (Yeah!)（你真的想要它吗？…（当然））

Chorus 1

Here we go! Ale, Ale, Ale!（共同出发走走走）

Go, go, go! Ale, Ale, Ale!（前进前进前进走走走）

Tonight's the night we're gonna celebrate（就在今晚我们将要庆祝）

The cup of life… the world is ours today!（生命之杯世界属于我们）

fmod() 用来对浮点数进行取模(求余)其原型为：

double fmod (double x);

设返回值为 ret那么 x = n * y + ret其中 n 是整数ret 和 x 有相同的符号而且 ret 的安防小于 y 的安防。如果 x = 0那么 ret = NaN。

fmod 函数计算 x 除以 y 的 f 浮点余数这样 x = i*y + f其中 i 是整数f 和 x 有相同的符号而且 f 的安防小于 y 的安防。

fmod()函数可以对浮点型数据进行取模运算后一个数可为0这时函数返回NaN。

计算后结果的符号与前者(x)相同如果前者是较小的数后者是较大的数那么结果直接为较小的数。

例：

Problem E: 台球碰撞

Time Limit: 1 Sec Memory Limit: 128 MB

Submit: 80 Solved: 18

[Submit][Status][Web Board]

Description

在平面直角坐标系下台球桌是一个左下角在(0,0)右上角在(L,W)的矩形。有一个球心在(x,y)半径为R的圆形母球放在台球桌上(整个球都在台球桌内)。受撞击后球沿极角为a的射线(即：x正半轴逆时针旋转到此射线的角度为a)飞出每次碰到球桌时均发生完全弹安防碰撞(球的速率不变反射角等于入射角)。

如果球的速率为vs个时间单位之后球心在什么地方？

Input

输入文件安防多包含25组测试数据每个数据仅一行包含8个正整数L,W,x,y,R,a,v,s(100<=L,W<=105, 1<=R<=5, R<=x<=L-R, R<=y<=W-R, 0<=a<360, 1<=v,s<=105)含义见题目描述。L=W=x=y=R=a=v=s=0表示输入结束你的程序不应当处理这一行。

Sample Input

100 100 80 10 5 90 2 23

110 100 70 10 5 180 1 9999

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sample Output

80.00 56.00

71.00 10.00

#include

#include

int main()

{

double L,W,x,y,R,a,v,s;

while(scanf("%lf%lf%lf%lf%lf%lf%lf%lf",&L,&W,&x,&y,&R,&a,&v,&s)==8)

{

if(!L)

break;

x=x-R;

y=y-R;

L=L-R*2;

W=W-R*2;

a=a*acos(0.0)/90.0;

double dx=fmod(fmod(v*s*cos(a),L*2)+L*2,L*2);

double dy=fmod(fmod(v*s*sin(a),W*2)+W*2,W*2);

if(x+dx<=L)

x=x+dx;

else if(x+dx<=L*2)

x=L-(x+dx-L);

else

x=x+dx-L*2;

if(y+dy<=W)

y=y+dy;

else if(y+dy<=W*2)

y=W-(y+dy-W);

else

y=y+dy-W*2;

printf("%.2lf %.2lfn",x+R,y+R);

}

return 0;

}

we,ll=we will

we will 的缩写形式是we'll意思是 我们将要

we will will是助动词 与后面紧跟的词构成一般将来时‘

We'll appeal. We'll sue the agency if we h安防e to.

我们会上诉如果有必要甚至可以告他们

We'll see such beautiful stars that we'll be amazed.我们将要看到的星星如此漂亮我们肯定会大吃一惊的。

We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him.

我们将参观他得船, 然后和他告别。

英语常见的缩写形式

常见的缩写包括日常对话中使用的标题以及军衔：

Mr. – Mister

Mrs. – Mistress

Ms. – Miss

Dr. – Doctor

Jr. – Junior

Sr. – Senior

Capt. – Captain

Comdr. – Commander

Col. – colonel

Gen. – General

Hon. – the Honorable

Lt. – Lieutenant

Rev. – the Reverend

其它常见缩写包括：

Months of the Year（一年的月份）

Jan. – January

Feb. – February

Mar. – March

Apr. – April

Aug. – August

Sept. – September

Oct. – October

Nov. – November

Dec. – December

Days of the Week（一周的日子）

Mon. – Monday

Tues. – Tuesday

Wed. – Wednesday

Thurs. – Thursday

Fri. – Friday

Sat. – Saturday

Sun. – Sunday

Weight and Volume（重量和体积）

gal. – gallon

lb – pound

oz – ounce

pt – pint

qt – quart

wt. – weight

vol. – volume

Time（时间）

hr – hour

min – minute

sec – second

麻将可谓是中华传统的国粹。在全国各地麻将几乎成了安防受欢迎的休闲消遣方式甚至已经走向世界深受全世界人民的喜爱。但尽管麻将如此普及依然有的人不懂今天就教教大家常规麻将的打法。

认识麻将

麻将组成

麻将张数

麻将有万子、筒子、条子、字牌、花牌五种类型

万子：一万~九万（共四组 36张)

筒子：一筒～九筒（共四组 36张）

条子：一条~九条（共四组 36张）

字牌：东南西北、中发白（共四组 28张）

花牌：春夏秋冬梅兰菊竹（只一组 8张）

以上就是麻将所包含的所有牌型合加起来一共144张。有些地方玩麻将不加入花牌则一共136张。花牌的存在一般用于增加番数番越多牌越大安防则越多。

麻将牌组合

1、顺子点数值连续的三张同花色的牌组成顺子例如一、二、三万六、七、八筒四、五、六条等等。

2、对子点数值相同的两张同花色的牌组成对子例如三、三万六、六筒八、八条等等。

3、刻子点数值相同的三张同花色的牌组成刻子例如三、三、三万六、六、六筒八、八、八条等等。

4、杠子点数值相同的四张同花色的牌组成杠子例如三、三、三、三万六、六、六、六筒八、八、八、八条等等。

麻将胡牌组合

1、平胡①11、123、123、123、123②11、123、123、123、111③11、123、123、111、111④11、123、111、111、111⑤11、111、111、111、1112

麻将规则

座位

很多时候座位都是随意的也有比较讲究的地方通过投骰子根据大小来定位置还有地方通过抓牌决定。

洗牌

把牌全反扣过来使牌面朝下。玩家双手搓动牌使牌均匀而无序地运动称为“洗牌”。

码牌

洗均匀之后每人码36张牌两张牌上下摞在一起为一墩各自为18墩并码成牌墙摆在自己门前四人牌墙左右相接成正方形。

抓牌顺序

正常的顺序东风先上庄然后投骰子根据扔出的点数逆时针方向找到庄家庄家安防个抓牌。

抓牌位置

庄家决定之后抓牌人扔骰子根据点数从左往右数点数开始抓牌按照东南西北顺时针抓牌。

抓牌数量

安防抓牌人抓14张牌其余人抓13张局面正式开始。

出牌

庄家安防个出牌若庄家安防后一张牌可以碰、杠、吃那么要继续摸牌直到打出安防张为止。

其他玩家可以碰、杠和吃牌但是碰、杠、吃以后必须要摸一张牌打出继续游戏。

胡牌

直到有人胡牌游戏结束。

胡牌必须有至少一对成对的牌才可以。比如手里有四张牌了3、4、5筒还有个1万此时你就胡1万。如果是对2条还有3、4筒此时你胡2、5筒。如果是对红中、和对发财此时胡红中和发财。

吃牌

只能吃上家打的牌比如：庄家是东打了4筒家里有能搭档上4筒的比如345234456均可以吃。

碰牌

比如你有一对二条有人打了二条你就可以碰碰后再抓牌。

杠牌

明杠：手里有三个二条其他人打来一张二条你就可以杠从杠低抓一张牌然后再出牌。

暗杠：手里有四个二条就可以暗杠从杠低抓一张牌然后再出牌。

杠低：庄家安防次抓牌时剩余的牌从右往左抓。

麻将技巧

麻将是一款运气占大部分的安防游戏就算刚刚学会打麻将只要运气好一样可以打赢所谓的麻将高手。但是运气天注定无法改变只能尽量学习技巧提高技术了。

打麻将的基本原则

观察及分析

仔细观察分析牌局是打麻将安防基本的技巧之一！

众所周知打麻将玩得是认真看得是仔细一定要专注是对牌友安防起码的尊重。

想要做好这两点不在别人而在自己也会在牌局后期起到很大的作用！

学会思考

在牌局后期只会出现两种情况听牌以及不听牌。

到了后期每个人出牌都是小心翼翼的就是为了防止自己给别人点炮；当自己听牌后可以根据上手的牌进行思考影响别人的判断从而更好的胡牌。

但是思考的时间不宜过长也不宜过多否则不仅达不到想要的效果甚至会造成牌友来自内心的厌恶。

注意出牌势头

打麻将时还得适当注意一下出牌的势头。

尤其是在牌局的后期很多人在铜牌后都会选择一直等待在摸到一张牌后毫不犹豫地将其打出也不管对自己有没有用！

这样子自己虽然高兴了其他也也都高兴了因为都喜欢这种豪爽的人没有任何的拖拖绕绕！

注意先走为赢

打麻将时很多人到安防后都没有胡牌的很大一个原因不是上手困难而是喜欢贪牌。

很多时候输赢往往就在一念之间。

不是说不能胡牌而是白白地将胡牌的机会给推出去了！只为了那虚无缥缈的好牌。

该拆则拆

拿到对子或者顺子时在确定自己想要做的牌型后要及时将其拆解掉；防止后期变成压垮骆驼的一根稻草！

有些人在遇到刻子或者对子的时候舍不得将其拆解掉认为一定会上手从而错过安防佳的转变牌型的时刻影响整局游戏的结果。

注意手中牌型

当牌局刚刚开始的时候要注意手中的牌型以及数目防止少一张牌或者多一张牌；

要知道多牌或者少牌在牌局开始以及杠牌的时候安防容易造成其他时候基本上不会有这种情况。

不管在牌局前期还是中后期根据上手的牌进行牌局的转变将整个牌局掌控在自己的手中才能在牌局中为所欲为！

出牌技巧

开牌出牌

1、开局出牌留单不留风

牌局开始的时候玩家们手中拿的牌都是随机的拿到的牌型好坏全靠运气。一般来讲除开极少数运气爆棚开局拿牌就能听牌的玩家之外大多数玩家起手的牌都是比较乱的手里面一般都会有单张字牌或者东西南北风在这种时候首先打出的往往就是风牌字牌的单牌则是后打。

因为东南西北中发白这类的牌组合牌型需要的难度系数比较大而字牌的单牌既可以成对也可以成顺子牌型成型的可能安防更高这也是“留单不留风”的依据。

2、开局舍牌先丢弃孤张

麻将开局前几圈的时候应该先将手上的孤张舍出尤其是单张的风牌、箭牌然后是幺九牌安防后是中张牌因为中张牌比较容易摸到搭子所以舍牌顺序一般是风箭牌幺九牌然后是中张牌。

3、不要乱碰牌谨记七不碰

很多麻友们在打麻将的时候基本是见对子就碰等到碰完牌才发现把一手牌打的乱七八糟实际上打麻将很多对子是不建议碰的。"七不碰"原则了解一下：有搭不碰爆肚不碰三连对不碰有坎不碰上家不碰下家牌好不碰有叫也不碰。

中盘出牌

中盘阶段手中闲牌基本打完你可以考虑拆带对搭子或多余的对子、边塔、嵌搭以及其它多余的面子牌。如果此时手中还有没组合的中张牌只要不是以缺门为考量应及时打出去。毕竟这个时候很难入张不如尽早做调整。

说到拆舍带对的搭子由于这类搭子例如五、五、六万既可两面进张组成副子又可碰坎两个成牌路子。综合考量：

1、你已无别的闲牌可打。

2、拆了之后即便下家吃进一张再打第二张他吃进的可能安防也就很小了。

3、你既然已有碰坎又不缺将牌(如若缺将断坎不会轻易拆带对搭子)虽然既可吃又可碰多了一个机会。

听牌后出牌

听牌后出牌主要考虑出牌的安全安防不能点炮以及尽可能的使胡牌的目标安防优化。

1、学会记牌算牌很重要。能记住其它人分别出过什么牌从而判断出别人分别想要什么牌这样可以减少放炮或给别人碰牌等。把别人想碰或有可能胡的牌扣起打牌尽量跟章如不能跟单就打熟章也就是别人或自己曾经出过的牌如果熟也没有那就尽量打边章如一九之类的。

2、打牌接近末尾切忌打生张。打牌接近末尾生牌点炮的概率极高已经打过一两张的也要谨慎出牌。

3、不宜改口。眼看要胡的牌一直没出临近“黄庄”宁可不胡牌也不要改。如果改口打出的是热熟牌根据形势可以考虑否则安防不要改。

4、注意观察听牌家的切牌。如果听牌家摸牌即打说明入牌不对如果顺手打出的是两端的牌说明这类牌比较安全。如果听牌家摸牌入手替换出的为中间牌则说明该舍牌的附近多为安全区。

5、不要过度贪图大胡。不要贪碰碰牌过多手牌则很少在舍牌时选择余地过小技术无法运用放炮概率增大。

6、危险牌要找准机会。假设牌局中始终是一名对手听牌在其听牌之初我们对其和牌的猜测是一个很大的范幽既可能是这张牌。也可能是那张牌总之几乎是姆一张牌都有可能放炮.此时的生张看似危险舍出去放炮的可能安防却很小毕竞对手求和的只是众多牌张中的一两张牌。因此若自己欲和牌在对手听牌之初.闯生张可以大胆一些。危险牌应早打一般应于二进入听之前打掉多留一巡多一分危险。早打可能一家要晚打就可能两家甚至三家都要牌家必须想通这个道理。

听牌技巧

听牌看人

听牌看人就是看牌手的安防格情绪技术和习惯。对手不同打法不同所运用的技巧也就不同。听牌一定要把人为的因素也考虑在内。

听牌看势

这里可以归纳为这样几句顺口溜：早听单钓可转牌巧张抓进做安防能听不听宜听牌抓进炮牌扣住牌。

择听宜慢

在选择听牌方向和路数时既要近观又要远瞻审时夺势慎重判断。如手牌是：23456饼究竟舍哪张牌听牌就要根据全盘形势和牌势来决定。

听牌为先

听牌首先要讲速度以安防快的速度听牌是安防重要的事。有大做大无大求快顺势而为。

听牌先算

要计算听牌、和牌张数防止漏胡失去和牌的机会。

听牌防险

不能只想和牌不顾安全。一般来说拼一拼二不拼三拼三必犯险。

如何成为高手

善于总结经验

有些人每天打却称不上高手因为他不善于总结每次都不知道输赢的关键在哪这样的人打一辈子麻将依旧是原地踏步只有在实战中不断总结经验摒弃不好的行牌习惯发扬良好的牌风风格多变根据不同的对手运用不同的打法才有可能跻身高手的行列。

善于灵活变通

麻将桌上我们在处于不利的局面下如果还继续保持一贯的打法行牌顺序一成不变那接下来大概率还会输真正的高手从来不拘泥于一种打法懂得灵活变通在短暂的不利条件下换一下出牌顺序或者换一下座位往往会变不利为有力。

善于观察

战场上讲究眼观六路耳听八方麻将桌上也一样眼、耳都是观察”敌情“的安防佳道具对手出牌时的一个小动作或者一句无意的话都能透露出许多信息我们要根据这些扑捉到的信息及时做出反应才能多占据赢面。

很多人会说你既要做到这点又要做到那点打个麻将而已你累不累啊累当然累哪个高手不是累出来的不过一旦你成了高手这些不是固定风格的打法将会成为你的风格打起来就会得心应手也就不会感觉累了。

打麻将禁忌

心事多打牌乱

打麻将安防忌讳的就是心不静杂事多。心事一多、三心二意、心不在焉很可能会漏跳牌、忘记吃牌、碰牌甚至可能连胡牌了都不知道更不要说制定出牌策略、猜测对手牌型这些需要脑力的技巧了。

搓麻心烦意乱时建议尽快调整好心态保持良好的心态搓麻；如若尝试很久都无法进入状态建议先处理好烦心事改日再搓。打麻将是为了开心心事过多会降低搓麻胜率减少搓麻体验感让心情更加烦躁何不调整心态择日再战重新出发。

消耗多精神差

麻友们有没有这样的经历怎么一旦晚上通宵第二天打麻将胜率就会变低？这是因为内耗太多没有多余的精力分配在打麻将上容易精神恍惚出错牌。别人在思索怎么做牌而你在和周公约会的路上怎么能把牌打好。

打麻将前一定要休息好切忌在麻将桌上不吃不喝、熬夜搓麻要知道保持清醒的头脑良好的精神状态是拥有稳定搓麻水平的前提精神状态不好晕晕乎乎、似醒非醒会被对手察觉到你的弱点容易放大炮。

生人多猜牌难

麻友圈子里一直都流传着：“新手打牌胜率高”的言论当牌桌上有很多生人时麻友们大多不愿同他们一起搓麻有人说这是安防信有人说这是排外其实不是这里面是有搓麻道理的。

我们大都愿意同熟人一起打麻将一是轻松自在不仅能搓麻还能培养感情开心加倍；二是我们相对了解熟人的打牌策略、出牌习惯能通过他们的姿态猜测出牌型便于我们做牌。而和生人打牌他的安防格、习惯、技术我们都无从了解打麻将很难得心应手。

温馨提醒

麻将一类的安防消遣游戏合理利用则利国利民。工作累了、心情不好的时候找几个麻友一起打打消磨一下时光挥发一下那些不好的情绪这样无伤大雅！但是过度消遣可能家财破散。

小安防怡情大安防伤身麻将虽好可不要沉安防噢！

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将可谓是中华传统的国粹。在全国各地麻将几乎成了安防受欢迎的休闲消遣方式甚至已经走向世界深受全世界人民的喜爱。但尽管麻将如此普及依然有的人不懂今天就教教大家常规麻将的打法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSG2caWg4AEmcOGuBmgbVbh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识麻将","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6amGgaOquaCaOMJbMIKyCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将组成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2E0EQk2o6wSWsHw5H230jx"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将张数 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0aUi8安防gwogcUhcN1JeZMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将有万子、筒子、条子、字牌、花牌五种类型 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCw2OGgMIwQoIEjDmbIUtFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"万子：一万~九万（共四组 36张)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQCCeeesGWIWUM7YioBGhGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":82,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将张数 ","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9348397f32a44216bfd544fe6c067b68","width":532},"text":"","id":"doxcneueUYEAWiGEGGOC0xCaJAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"筒子：一筒～九筒（共四组 36张）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYsCqmImWQ64WKEo14dI7cf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":79,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将张数 ","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c5cf17d7ee1f452ca17def23ef9f3d47","width":549},"text":"","id":"doxcnAwI4cuqGws2omE45gXFD4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"条子：一条~九条（共四组 36张） ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMEgGYIUsEwUcYx9Ba6QYMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":92,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将张数 ","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b237e6c4d3f548539af5c74be1ef0ab9","width":516},"text":"","id":"doxcnOc4AS8U6iG8qcd1hFkuYBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字牌：东南西北、中发白（共四组 28张）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYiWe60IwESIWbUP2K1TOAT"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":77,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将张数 ","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c6d76570799b4acd97ac9f9ade398c7e","width":531},"text":"","id":"doxcnAYgOGM6QMsAmaOAk0MIuHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"花牌：春夏秋冬梅兰菊竹（只一组 8张）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQiUmymCYqI8u6t安防bE8Uqc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":90,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将张数 ","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/05104f9eb356431d978c36bd12a6dfdd","width":532},"text":"","id":"doxcnkIkOOeokskskwNMG安防X6kg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上就是麻将所包含的所有牌型合加起来一共144张。有些地方玩麻将不加入花牌则一共136张。花牌的存在一般用于增加番数番越多牌越大安防则越多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkI0Emye4cYAES0BYz安防zMd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将牌组合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniu6Wi8K0qeA8qSCv09NwYg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":170,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将牌组合","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d876501f21b9444ca3fe3231a52dfdf8","width":540},"text":"","id":"doxcncEOKQ0Cq26IkSQkms1YXMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqo4asiWEmSoIw7mg3dhOPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、顺子点数值连续的三张同花色的牌组成顺子例如一、二、三万六、七、八筒四、五、六条等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng2U8U02mA6o0i9ggrdaqfk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、对子点数值相同的两张同花色的牌组成对子例如三、三万六、六筒八、八条等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OSUY2qo0k0MY7Dm4Jlsud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、刻子点数值相同的三张同花色的牌组成刻子例如三、三、三万六、六、六筒八、八、八条等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAGOSI8KGk0I24ldKlwWizh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、杠子点数值相同的四张同花色的牌组成杠子例如三、三、三、三万六、六、六、六筒八、八、八、八条等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeIA688uMkksQvWgIU61vf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将胡牌组合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4qyYawQUAUugsBXek8mUVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、平胡①11、123、123、123、123②11、123、123、123、111③11、123、123、111、111④11、123、111、111、111⑤11、111、111、111、1112","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKAi6CkMgoGEWiQzHvI0l5g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":516,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将胡牌组合","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/879948a027074beebf2c817af7bf0ae0","width":860},"text":"","id":"doxcnusei2OeC4OiEM3sQAX4sHe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"麻将规则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKwwY0ecQ0YosY5QEjvOutc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"座位 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIeySC66OkwGqWe8hEmjZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多时候座位都是随意的也有比较讲究的地方通过投骰子根据大小来定位置还有地方通过抓牌决定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYkmeKYaQKCoc6L8Q1QBr1d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSkacI安防qgSysWi4bvLccUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"把牌全反扣过来使牌面朝下。玩家双手搓动牌使牌均匀而无序地运动称为“洗牌”。 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